Necklace Characters Essays - The Necklace, Pride, Belief

Neckband Characters Mathlide Loisel is a character who has a lot of pride in her. It is her inspiration to act all through the story, and it is the way in to her ruin. Mathlide ruin comes into place when she doesn't tell Mrs. Forrestier that she lost her accessory. Mathlide doesn't spout out admissions and prostrating herself while arguing for pardoning, she assumes the liability for her slip-ups by supplanting Mrs. Forrestier's accessory. De Maupassant gives her characteristics in the presentation, the episode, and the destitution she perseveres. Toward the start of the story Mathlide pride is solid to such an extent that she wouldn't like to confront reality. Reality meaning the spouse she has and the little family she continues in. So so as to dismiss reality she goes to her fantasies where she has the life of simplicity and wealth. Pride comes to put when she is griping to her significant other about the way hello live and how she merits more than this. At the point when they find that they host been welcome to a major get-together, she believes she should satisfy her pride. Knowing point of fact that they have no cash, she needs to have a lovely dress and alongside the dress she gets a brilliant jewelry from Mrs. Forrestier. The occurrence where Mathlide loses the accessory plays a functioning job in Mathlide's pride. Mathlide will not suffer humiliation by telling Mrs. Forrestier that she lost her accessory, so she proceeds to supplant the accessory. Her pride won't let her stoop so low into saying 'sorry' arguing for absolution in vain, rather her pride discloses to her that she is able to do supplanting the neckband, thus she does. Her pride frightfully drives her into desperation way of life, something she isn't generally pleased with. The truth of her life turns out to be more practical than any other time in recent memory. She is dove into destitution, and drudgery that will remove her valued youth and magnificence, never to return, however yet she still has her pride. Toward the end after all the obligations are totally paid, she sees Mrs. Forrestier, who by the way doesn't perceive her, informs her regarding the episode furthermore, what she needed to do to pay the cash, and finds that the neckband was just a phony. Mathlide is a character who has a pride so solid that she doesn't see until her pride hits her with revenge, by driving her to neediness. She sees her duty regarding losing the jewelry, and she had enough feeling of generosity to pay for reestablishing it. She forfeits with pride her position, yet in addition her childhood and excellence. Pride plays a urgent job in Mathlide life, job that remains steadfast and glad, however yet its so critical that it drives Mathlides destiny.

Adolescents On-line Free Essays

As innovation offer approach to more extensive media transmission choices, another type of social network was shaped. The Cyber Community has been one of the most charming types of contemporary society and teenagers invited it readily. Today’s youths are vicariously taking an interest in online interpersonal organizations. We will compose a custom paper test on Teenagers On-line or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now As per the exploration made by Wolak and associate, out of 246 people who occupied with close online connections around 145 don't see each other vis-à-vis. In this way, it tends to be construed that eye to eye connections are not any longer a factor that influences connections between two people. Traditional kinships connotes individual contact which is missing in on-line connections. In any case, the two connections exist to give solace and help to members. In any case, in on-line connections, the degree of trust and certainty is normally lower. While a few people see on line connections to be an approach to get away from the real world, others see this kind of relationship as accommodating in distinguishing genuine character and demeanor. Young people utilize web based systems administration to discuss both with their online companions and disconnected companions too. They can likewise send messages and communicate all the more openly and at most occasions most viably. A few internet games which are prevalently pretending games in character additionally stretch out teenagers ability to cooperate with others. Arranging and comprehending clashes are featured in this sort of virtual social network. It additionally through various virtual interpersonal organizations that young people can assemble data about specific territories of intrigue and perspectives, this is an element that can be found in discussions and web journals. References: Subrahmanyam, K. furthermore, Greenfield, P. (2008). Online Communication and Adolescent Relationships. Volume 18 No. 1. Recovered on October 18, 2008 from www.futureofchildren.org Wolak, J., Mitchell, KJ. Furthermore, Finkelhor, D. (2002) Close Online Relationships ina National Sample of Adolescents. Recovered on October 18, 2008 from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2248/is_147_37/ai_94598385/pg_ Step by step instructions to refer to Adolescents On-line, Papers

Answering some questions

Answering some questions Questions 1. Sevi asked, here is a question for you about MacGregor rooms size. I consider MacGregor as my first choice in housing lottery, but some slarifications is needed. What is it in feet/meters, approximately (or, exactly sizes, if known)? Is it possible to find in Internet the floors layouts? Then, on internet connection. Does MacGregor have wireless access in all rooms? According to the mit wireless access map, it has, but on the page about MacGregor housing there is only wired connection is mention. Whom to believe? :) If it has no wireless access, is it inconvinient, how do you think? A MacGregor room is eight feet by fifteen feet. Im not sure how high the ceilings are, but I guess they must be at least eight or nine feet high. MacGregor does have wireless coverage all the dormitories do now. It might not be listed in other places because the wireless for many dorms was just put in last summer. There is a website with floorplans for MIT buildings, but I think its only accessible on campus. I dont actually know, because Im never on the internet off campus. :) 2. Christina asked, Is it bad if we cant understand what most of this actuallyis? :-X Nah, youll find out soon enough. :) The one-line version is that a lot of the experiments I do involve getting cells to take up foreign DNA or RNA, and I can do that using a variety of methods. 3. Danielle asked, Can we install our own window ac in any dorm room on campus? and when you do the procedures in the lab, do you have an instructions sheet to go off of or do you know what youre doing like the back of your hand? when do you get to learn how to do all this anyways? Yes, you can install a window AC in any dorm and you dont have to pay for electricity in the dorm, so you can use it as much as youd like, too. In MacGregor, you have to do a little bit of maneuvering since the windows in the high-rise have screens, but its not too terribly complicated. I use both methods in the lab when I learn a new technique, I write all the steps down (or copy a page out of somebody elses lab notebook), but Ive done most of the protocols so many times that I dont have to look at my notebook anymore. If I need to learn a new protocol, I usually ask one of the postdocs in the lab to show it to me, then try to do it myself the next time I have to do it. Ive learned a lot of protocols (and a lot of protocol-independent common sense) in the past three years. 4. Anonymous asked, I bet you found yourself using a couple tenses, picked one of them, and went back to meticulously change all the ones already in the tense you decided against using. But I must ask you, why present if its all past stuff? Haha, I actually wrote that whole thing in the present tense, although admittedly it was because I was modeling it off this entry, which I wrote in past tense and then went back to change. Present tense just sounded better to me. 5. Melodie asked, If theres one advising seminar that I really, really, really want to take, and Im ok with two others, should I just sign up for one for the lottery, or do all three? The usual line given about lotteries at MIT (eg the HASS-D lottery) is that putting extra choices wont diminish your chances of getting your first choice I think in both lotteries, theyre not trying to maximize everyones happiness, but theyre just trying to get everybody into a HASS-D/seminar. So go ahead and put the other two as your second and third choices they shouldnt affect the probability that youll get your first choice. 6. Jon asked, So now a question, when did you decide that you wanted to be a scientist when you grew up? I actually did some research to answer this one, and the best answer I can come up with is that I decided I wanted to be a scientist after reading A Brief History of Time in sixth grade. At the time, I wanted to be a physicist (those of you who know me, Ill give you five seconds to stop laughing) since then, I have wanted (sequentially) to be a research psychologist, a geneticist, a cognitive scientist, a behavioral geneticist, and a cellular neurobiologist. You can sort of see it as a periodic wave oscillating between biology and brain science, and finally settling right on the interface. :) 7. Anonymous asked, Are buildings and dorms on the West Campus connected by underground tunnels, as buildings on East Campus are? To my eternal dismay, no. I have always wanted a tunnel under Amherst Alley along dorm row, because wouldnt that be a super idea? I guess we have the Tech Shuttle, but it is just not the same. And thanks again to all of you for your congratulations. :) Post Tagged #MacGregor House

Canada Lacks A Real National Identity Essay - 1134 Words

Canada Lacks A Real National Identity nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I believe that Canada lacks a real national identity. Canadians tend to identify with community and region rather than the nation. Because Canada has such a great cultural diversity the Canadian identity is shaped by our values and attitudes as they have emerged from our history and geography. Bilingualism and multiculturalism are very important to the Canadian identity. They both strengthen and challenge Canadian identity. Because Canada has so many cultural and regional groups, interaction between them influences one ¹s identity. Differing views of Canada by Canadians and other countries prove that Canada does not have a true national identity. Because of these factors†¦show more content†¦It is because of differences like this that Canada can not have it ¹s own identity. When different cultural groups each have their own way of getting things done because of the way they were brought up, it is almost impossible to have a true Canadian identity. Over time the traditions of the different groups will blend but until then, Canada can not have a real national identity. It can be argued that the differences in cultural values and traditions are an aspect of the Canadian identity, but I feel that a Canadian identity is one which everyone can relate to and see in their own life. To me, a Canadian identity needs to be shaped by different values, traditions and cultures that have emerged from history to create a truly Canadian identity. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Bilingualism and multiculturalism can be good for, but also challenge the Canadian identity. These policies challenge the Canadian identity because they allow people to keep their culture. I feel a true identity is one which everyone can relate to, when everyone keeps their culture it is harder to have a true Canadian identity. It would be much easier to have a national identity if our country was unilingual and unicultural, because there would be one common way of getting things done. On the other hand, with these policies others see us as a country that does not force others into a certain culture, they can keep their culture if they want.Show MoreRelatedThe Victims Of History By George Orwell1234 Words   |  5 PagesTricia Logan and Joan Scott as evidence to support my reasoning for the importance in critical historical studies. Tricia Logan’s essay; Memory, Erasure and National Myth, takes a look at Canadian history through a critical lens, focusing especially on the relationship between the Canadian government and the First Nations peoples of Canada. A main focus from Logan’s essay is to highlight how the comforting narrative, that which is supported by the state, becomes the dominant and publicly consumedRead More A Critical Exploration of Klein’s Discarded Factory in Connection With Stoller’s Money Has No Smell1636 Words   |  7 Pagesand through hundreds of other mediums. Unfortunately, what the world is not exposed to is what goes on behind the marketing and the ultimate final sale. There is a dark side to capitalism created not only by shady merchants, but the worldwide multi-national companies as well. What both of these excerpts portray is the idea that there is more to the products we buy than we are told, or unfortunately, that we bother to ask about. 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Less identify themselves as a true Native for the little knowledge they have of t heir culture, especially those who live in an urbanized city. One of the greatest contributing factors to this outcome were residential schools, a tragic and critical part of Canadian history. The first government operated residentialRead MoreHealth Service Is Not Free At The Point Of Service1211 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween 15-50 lakh rupees in Nepal. We did not have to pay anything for the operation, as health service is free in the United Kingdom at the point of service. The National Health System in the UK is funded with taxes and charities. In all developed countries, health facility is free at the point of service. In western Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, the government pays for health service. 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Counterfeit social security cards, forged drivers licenses, fake â€Å"green cards† and phony birth certificates were all precious in the eyes of traveling immigrants. People are willing to pay hundreds, even thousands, of dollars just to get their hands on one of these items. Fake identity documents can be made by most people with the machine, but you have to get the best of the best if youRead MoreThe Decline Of Full-Time Job Opportunities For Generation Y And Z1499 Words   |  6 Pagesor attempt to work in Canada: Many of them only find jobs that are lower salary and less stable; Many youths that belong to generation Y and Z cannot find a long-term full-time job with high salary and good welfare, therefore they have to keep several short-term, low-protected and low-wage part-time jobs at the same time to support themselves( McGillivray, 2013; Struggles of the young and jobless, 2013 ). Some of them even lose their confidence of finding a job in Canada and then exit from CanadianRead MoreIn Canada, Terry Fox Is Always Suggested To Be A Hero Who1883 Words   |  8 Pages In Canada, Terry Fox is always suggested to be a hero who offered by way of clues to a Canadian cultural identity. Terry Fox is a famous Canadian athlete and cancer research activist. In 1980, his efforts for embarking on a cross-Canada run to make people recognize the importance of cancer research, with one of his legs amputated, successfully influenced and engaged millions of people. Terry Fox quotes that to him, being famous himself is not the idea of the run, while the only importantRead MoreEssay about Public Broadcasting In Canada2603 Words   |  11 Pagesfrom Lowe and Juart (2005), who sate that public broadcasting â€Å"is to build social capital by â€Å"bridging† â€Å"bonding † and â€Å"witnessing†, but most of all by treating audience members as citizens rather than as consumers† (lowe jauert, 2005). Canada holds the same beliefs about pubic broadcasting as Lowe Jauert (2005). As a nation that is not only democratic but multicultural and diverse, media influence plays a major role in bringing together and shaping the Canadian society. However in the

How Transmedia Has Worked And Is So Successful - 1587 Words

Transmedia has been a huge part of how Marvel Studios have worked and is so successful(Menard, 2014). Every single movie feels unique, but also it feels like it is part of a bigger universe(Weekend Warrior, 2016). Transmedia have been making the Marvel Studios bigger and more interconnected for almost 10 years(ComicBookCast, 2016). Transmedia has made Marvel Studios able to build the larger world that they have established(ComicBookCast,2016). Transmedia has made watching all Marvel Studios movies worth it, because of the various easter eggs(Menard, 2014). For example, the references that are made is Thor, Iron Man, and The Avengers(Menard, 2014) . In Iron Man 3, they reference how the impact that Thor had on the World, and in the same†¦show more content†¦The themes in Marvel Studios have never been misunderstood or misrepresented in a way that the audience could not comprehended it, even if the scale of realism is on the complete opposite sides of each other(ComicBookCast2 , 2016). Examples that will be discussed are Guardians Of The Galaxy, Doctor Strange, Captain America: Winter Soldier, and Thor. Guardians Of The Galaxy and Doctor Strange were projected to fail by almost every critic(ComicBookCast2, 2016). Almost everyone had never heard of Guardians Of The Galaxy except the hard core fans of the comics(Weekend Warrior, 2016). Kevin Feige wanted to push the idea of expanded universe and the only way he wanted to do it was Guardians Of The Galaxy(Weekend Warrior, 2016). Guardians Of The Galaxy had a lot of crazy aspect that gets dive into to, but it somehow breaks all expectation and it succeeds far more than it has been(ComicBookCast2, 2014). Guardians Of The Galaxy has extraordinary characters that is relatable, such as Drax and Peter Quill. Drax is trying to avenge his family that was killed by Ronan the Accuser, and Peter Quill regrets not saying goodbye to his mother right before she died(ComicBookCast2, 2014). These two characters have something in common, which is they both have burden placed on their lives(Menard, 2014). They both can’t shake the feeling of what has been done, and they both blame themselvesShow MoreRelatedWith The Movie Industry On The Rise In The 21Th Century,1725 Words   |  7 Pagesheroes into movie stars(Comicbookcast2,2016). Marvel Studios’ films has not released a critically bad movie, and they beat out the gold standard that Pixar has maintained(T.V. Junkie, 2016). Marvel Studios has been steamrolling all of the movies that the other studios(T.V. Junkie, 2016). Marvel Studios has been known at making decades worth of emotional, dramatic, entertaining movies, but in order to understand how they are so successful at capturing a wide variety of public audience, the following mustRead MoreThe Marvel Of Marvel Studios1849 Words   |  8 PagesMarvel Studios’ movies is like a path to travel on as an audience member (Menard, 2014, p. 28). Across a decade worth of films and tv shows, there has been a there has been more than 60 characters that the Marvel Studios universe contains (Menard, 2014, p. 54). Ther e has been a lot of conflict and character development, because of the multiple events that happens in the other movies (ComicBookCast2,2016). There a lot of example of this happening, such as the new york event in The Avengers (ComicBookCast2

What Is Love “The Great Gatsby” Free Essays

The great depression, bootleggers, Jazz, flappers and changing lifestyles are all part of the roaring 20’s. A time when women redefined themselves and music grew to an all time high. This revolutionary and dynamic decade is the setting for The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Winter Dreams† both by F. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Love â€Å"The Great Gatsby† or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scott Fitzgerald. Set in New York, The Great Gatsby is the story of James Gatz, a newly rich man who tries to regain the love of his past girlfriend, Daisy, who is already married. The story â€Å"Winter Dreams†, set in Minnesota, is the story of Dexter, a boy who falls in love with an even younger girl, Judy Jones, who falls back into love with Dexter despite the constant attention of her previous husband , who seeks her love explains their complicated love lives. In both, works The Great Gatsby and â€Å"Winter Dreams† Fitzgerald discusses the theme of unrequited love, in which two men spend their entire lives and effort to win over a woman’s heart even though their loves goes unreturned Winter Dreams† shows the theme of unrequited love. To establish this theme, the reader finds out that â€Å"his heart turned over like the fly wheel of the boat, and, for the second time, her casual whim gave a new direction to his life†(Fitzgerald). This shows us that Dexter’s heart is totally enveloped in Judy and he is madly in love with her. It also shows that, even the slightest sound sends him over the edge. A man doing anything for a girl is also clear in The Great Gatsby. Furthermore ,The theme of unrequited love is shown in The Great Gatsby. To help demonstrate this theme, the reader finds out that â€Å"Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay†(Fitzgerald, 83). This shows that Gatsby is obsessed with Daisy and will do anything to be near her. Finally, it indicates that Gatsby will do anything to keep an eye on her, even if it means moving or buying a house near her. In both the novel and the short story, men almost go crazy to possess the girl of their dreams, but both are tragically denied this opportunity only after they have spent all their time and effort pursuing unrequited love. In The Great Gatsby, Gatsby is murdered for something that Daisy does, and in â€Å"Winter Dreams† Dexter must realize that he will never be able to have his love and that it is best for both of them to give up. in that day, women where considered coquette today, we call them flirts. Women should not have been taking advantage of the men by walking all over the men but men should not have fallen for their selfish ways. So much for the American dream of true love. How to cite What Is Love â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, Papers

The Tragic Death Of Macbeth Essay Research free essay sample

The Tragic Death Of Macbeth Essay, Research Paper Macbeth, in the drama Macbeth by William Shakespeare, is an illustration of a tragichero. A calamity is play that has a hero with a defect that causes his ruin and givesthe audience a feeling of katharsis. Macbeth # 8217 ; s character perverts from a baronial adult male toa violent individual because of the enchantresss # 8217 ; prognostications, Lady Macbeth, and Macbeth # 8217 ; s ownambition. His aspiration is the tragic defect. At the beginning of the drama, Macbeth is a baronial adult male who is described as the # 8220 ; weather Macbeth # 8221 ; ( I: ii:18 ) by the Sergeant and # 8220 ; valorous cousin # 8221 ; and # 8220 ; worthygentleman # 8221 ; ( I: ii:26 ) by Duncan, the male monarch, for murdering a Rebel. Macbeth respects the kingand would non even think of making anything to harm him, that is, until the enchantresss getinvolved and his married woman convinces him to. Macbeth loves his married woman and he would kill for her, literally. We will write a custom essay sample on The Tragic Death Of Macbeth Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She is a manipulative adult female who takes advantage of Macbeth and could makehim make anything like killing the male monarch, towards whom he feels no malignity. When Macbeth and Banquo meet the enchantresss, they give Macbeth two prognostications: he becomes thane of Cawdor and he becomes king. At first, Macbeth is a spot curiouswhen the first prognostication comes true but he does non truly desire to make anything ab out the 2nd one. Once he tells his married woman about it, she makes Macbeth believe about killing theking. His aspiration, at first, is non strong plenty, but Lady Macbeth pushes him further.He so kills the male monarch and his character starts to devolve from that point. Later in the drama, Macbeth kills many people. After the first slaying, killing othersbecomes easier for him. He hires liquidators to kill Banquo and Macduff # 8217 ; s household withoutthinking about it twice and without the aid of his married woman. When his married woman dies, he seems tooinvolved with war to care. This shows that Macbeth # 8217 ; s scruples is gone and that he isdesensitized to slay and decease. Macbeth # 8217 ; s character is mentally weak and is misguided by his aspiration. Hecannot make determinations on his ain so he counts on other people to do determinations forhim like his married woman and the enchantresss. His aspiration and other things cause the alteration of hischaracter. That aspiration is the tragic defect in that causes Macbeth # 8217 ; s ruin and makeshim an illustration of a tragic hero in this drama. Other things besides add to this alteration, like hiswife who seems mentally stronger than Macbeth. It is besides Macbeth s aspiration and histrust in the enchantresss which finally change him for the worse and convey approximately hisdownfall.

Roberto Clemente Essays (478 words) - Roberto Clemente, Clemente

Roberto Clemente Team: Pittsburgh Pirates Roberto Clemente was born in Carolina, Puerto Rico on August 18th 1934. He was the first Hispanic baseball player to be inducted into the baseball Hall of Fame. He was also the second baseball player to be put on a postage stamp. Roberto Clemente was plagued with back pain during his career, but still he proved to be one of the greatest baseball players of all time. Roberto Clemente had always like baseball. He was also fortunate to join a professional Puerto Rican baseball team at the age of 17. He spent his first season with the Brooklyn Dodgers farm team. He was thinking about quitting because he was treated very strangely. The franchise was trying to hide Clemente from the Giants so when he played good, they would bench him. But when he did bad, they would keep him in the game. Clemente later returned to Puerto Rico after his first, disappointing season to visit his brother, who was dying from a brain tumor. While he was there, a drunk driver smashed into his car and permanently damaged three spinal discs, which would bother him through the rest of his career. In 1954, the Pittsburgh Pirates drafted Clemente for $4,000 and put him out in right field. During his first season he gunned down 18 runners. He got 20 runners out in his second season. In his second season he had a .311 batting average and had 5 homeruns. Then in 1958 he led the National League in outfield assists with 22. In 1960 Clemente had a fantastic year. He hit 16 homers, batted .314 and had 94 R.B.I's (runs batted in). He led his team to the National League pennant. And shocked the nation with an upset over the Yankees in the World Series. Clemente batted .310 for the series. He won his first batting title in 1961, hitting .351 with 23 homers, 10 triples, and 89 RBIs. Clemente used to overswing the bat and his head would "bob" when he swung a bat. So Clemente started using a heavier bat. After that he went on to enjoy 11 of 12 seasons with his batting average above .300. In late December of 1972 an earthquake struck Nicaragua. More than 6,000 people were killed, 20,000 injured. After hearing that some of the supplies they had sent to Nicaragua were not getting to the right people, Clemente decided to take matters into his own hands. He flew to Nicaragua in a cargo plane and make sure that distribution was carried out properly. On New Year's Eve he boarded an overloaded DC-7 Air Force Plane that he rented for $4,000 to fly to Nicaragua. The plane crashed into the ocean shortly after takeoff. Roberto Clemente was the first Hispanic baseball player ever inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, and in 1994 a statue of him was unveiled at Three Rivers Stadium at the all-star game.

loneliness in Of Mi and Mence essays

loneliness in Of Mi and Mence essays In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men loneliness runs alongside friendship as a major theme. Although ranch life in the 1930s America is lonely for migrant workers and many other people, George and Lennie, two of the loneliest guys in the world (13), at least have each other. For African-Americans like Crooks, women like Curleys wife, or the old like Candy, life is far more lonely. The person who expresses his loneliness most openly and deeply is Crooks the African-American stablehand, a victim of racial prejudice. When Lennie enters his room uninvited, Crooks, out of bitter pride, exercises his only right, that of privacy in his own room. (68) He is so desperately lonely that he cruelly tries to hurt Lennie with tales of George deserting him to try to make him understand what it feels like to be so alone. (71-72) His envy of their friendship shows when he says: George can tell you screwy things, and it dont matter. Its just the talking. Its just bein with another guy. (71) Glad to have someone to talk to, he warns of the dangers of too much loneliness and continues with: A guy needs somebody- to be near him... A guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody. (72) The reason Lennie goes to see Crooks, of course, is that George is out of town with the other ranch hands and he wants some company. When Candy joins them too, Crooks can hardly conceal his pleasure w ith anger. (75) Candy the cleaner seems to deal with his loneliness by gossiping and listening for whats going on. He also worries about his future when he is too old to work and explains his reasons for wanting to be part of the plan to buy a smallholding: When they can me here I wisht somebodyd shoot me... I wont have no place to go, an I cant get no more jobs. (60) Curleys wife would have been doomed to ...

Employer-Employee Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Employer-Employee Relationship - Essay Example It fulfils the aspirations of millions around the globe, and makes every member a part of the universal whole and hurtles towards a chosen path and on to destiny. It involves a culture that is flexible, unique and peculiar to the specific organization or industry. It also involves administration, supervision, evaluation, performance, productivity, motivation, morale, and discipline. In short, it is the creation of a new dimension in relationship based on mutual understanding, trust, objectives, principles and routines. (Employee Relations Series) In the course of its existence, an organization settles down to achieve its aims and targets. The most important asset of the organization is its human resource. All the activities from the initial stage of acquiring an order to execution and delivery are dependent on human skills at every level and stage. The internal activities of an organization consist not only of executing orders or rendering services, but also constantly looking after its own position and welfare, which is the welfare of its employees. In the present economic scenario, policies and procedures relating to employee- related issues are the quick fix hire and fire routine, although enlightened management may not arbitrarily use them. There needs to be good deal of resilience and flexibility. Policies and procedures serve as guidelines and channels of hope to an aggrieved employee or group of employees with specific grievance. The emphasis is on the fact that the management is willing to lend a ear to an employee, thereby indicating the importance of the employee as an individual in the management's eyes. The management must also make it clear to the employee that they are aware of his good record and are appreciative about it. This emphasis on the capability and contributions of the individual helps to create a congenial atmosphere assuaging the aggrieved employee or group of employees right away. It wins the loyalty of the employee and exponentially serves to rejuvenate the employees' morale. Traits In the current economic and market scenario, there is less scope for white elephants and sycophants. Along with team management abilities, the people in charge are expected to endow their functions with an eye for talents and find out the aspirations of the employees under them. Understanding human resource and its potential and goals not only help employers to fathom the depth of their employees' capacities but also enable them to delegate responsibilities effectively and equip them with the means to effectively handle the day to day routines with foresight and fortitude. The layers of the managerial hierarchy have drastically reduced after the dawn of the electronic and information era. It is more empowerment based, and even the employee in the lower rung of the hierarchy is aware of his importance in the eyes of the management and how to bargain for better prospects. An important aspect of horizontal hierarchy is

Attachments theory as it affects adolescants Essay

Attachments theory as it affects adolescants - Essay Example According to attachment theory, primary caregivers become increasingly differentiated from other people in the minds of infants during their first year of life. During childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, many individuals encounter difficulties in their relationships with parents and spouses that shake their confidence in the availability of these attachment figures. Such difficulties may fundamentally disrupt attachment bonds and dramatically reduce an individual's capacity to adapt to challenges outside the family. In the second volume of Attachment and Loss, Bowlby (1973) refined his definition of the set goal of the attachment system. In considering the effects of separations on children, he moved toward the notion that security derives from a child's appraisal of an attachment figure's availability (Bowlby, 1973). The child needs to experience a parent who is not only accessible but also responsive. This aspect of security incorporated Ainsworth's findings that it is the quality of day-to-day interactions, not just major separations, that influences infants' attachment expectations. In contrast, various nonresponsive or insensitive f orms of care can undermine the infant's confidence or even lead to expectations for rejection or inconsistent response. Separation distress results from the appraisal that a parent is inaccessible (Ainsworth et al., 1978). This perceived threat to a parent's accessibility activates the attachment system and motivates a child to reestablish contact. Emotional reactions accompanying the appraisal of threat include fear and anger. Fear activates the attachment system and signals the child's distress. Anger results from frustrations that the child encounters in trying to regain access, and it mobilizes efforts to reestablish contact. Adolescents The adolescent, by contrast, may act out her conflict about separating through fights with her mother and open defiance. Her upheaval may be more visibly apparent in her relationship with her mother, more provocative and dramatic. Girls may direct their acting out toward their bodies and engage in behaviors that are outside of the domain of parental control. They are at increased risk for eating disorders, reckless or promiscuous sexual activity, and self-cutting or other forms of mutilation. Adolescents may also use drugs and alcohol to rebel, explore, and escape painful feelings. Self-defeating or destructive behavior may provide an illusion of independence while also serving to defend against regressive longings. The thrill and power of reckless acting out can reduce their sense of vulnerability and distract from feelings of loss associated with the transition from childhood dependence. The attachment to a therapist can take pressure off the mother-daughter dyad, as some dependenc e needs are being met in a relationship outside the family. However, the stage is then set for the adolescent to recreate with the therapist elements of her struggle with her mother. Her dependence on the therapist can trigger resistance to treatment. Like the defiance at home, acting out within therapy may serve both to rebel against therapeutic influence and to pull for protective intervention (Cassidy et al., 2003). Similar patterns of maladaptation have been identified in adolescents and adults who are classified as

Sustainability Standards In Events Organizations

Sustainability Standards In Events Organizations In November 2007 we witnessed the release of BS8901 Event Management Standard on sustainability. This new standard was aimed at helping to improve the management systems in the events industry and thereby conduct business in a more sustainable manner. Amongst the earliest people to adopt the standard are the 2012 London Olympic Games Organizing committee. This being to oversee the tender process for the Olympic Games. BS8901 has received wide acclaim from a number of early sponsors in the events industry i.e. Live Earth, Manchester International Festival, Lords Cricket Ground and Reeds Carpets etc. BSI British Standards provides a system for managing the overall environmental, economic and social impact of an event. BS 8901 is a new standard which sets out the requirements for planning and managing a sustainable event. (Fulton) The DEFRA Minister Hillary Benn has been an immediate supporter of BS 8901 and the concept of sustainability. He was quoted as saying Lots of us love to attend music festivals and football matches but they can produce a lot of rubbish. We all have to play our part in the move to more sustainable living. (Benn). In addition to the national standard there is also the development of ISO 20121 that is being developed and finalized for the Olympic Games in 2012. The standard (ISO 20121) will take a management systems approach requiring identification of key sustainability issues like venue selection, operating procedures, supply chain management, procurement, communications, transport, and others. (Lazarte) The new ISO standard is expected to make a significant contribution to the entire event industry in the UK and Elizabeth Henderson the Director of Social and Corporate responsibility at media firm MPI stated As sustainability is becoming increasingly important for the event industry, individuals, companies and countries are setting multiple and differing standards. ISO 20121 will be developed with extensive stakeholder engagement so the industry can have one internationally recognized framework to implement sustainability (Lazarte). DEFINITIONS Definitions of sustainability in the event industry include: An enduring and balanced approach to economic activity, environmental responsibility and social progress (Sustainable Events) There are broader definitions of sustainability as this can be applied in a number of other very different contexts. These additional contexts are explored below with definitions provided by leaders in that particular field. Sustainable Development : Sustainability encompasses the simple principle of taking from the earth only what it can provide indefinitely, thus leaving future generations no less than we have access to ourselves. Friends of the Earth http://www.foe-scotland.org.uk/ Sustainable Society: Society whose long term prospect for continuing to exist are good. Such a society would be characterized by an emphasis on preserving the environment, developing strong peaceful relationships between people and nations, and an emphasis on equitable distribution of wealth. Coop America Quarterly, No. 37 Summer 1995. Sustainable Production: Sustainable Production is the creation of goods and services using processes and systems that are: non-polluting; conserving of energy and natural resources; economically efficient; safe and healthful for workers, communities, and consumers; and, socially and creatively rewarding for all working people. http://www.uml.edu/centers/LCSP/ Sustainable Agriculture: farmers in sustainable agriculture are concerned about feeding their families and paying their bills, but those are not their only goals in life. They set out to protect the land, improve their quality of life, and enhance the communities in which they live. Their day-to-day decisions are not guided by a single minded search for profit, but by a delicate balancing act among many goals. Land Stewardship Program, White Bear Lake Minnesota. Monitoring Sustainable Agriculture with Conventional Financial Data, http://www.landstewardshipproject.org From the above examples it can be observed that the general concept of sustainability has a wide application beyond that of event management. The Government is more concerned with sustainable environment and development matters The goal of sustainable development is to enable all people throughout the world to satisfy their basic needs and enjoy a better quality of life, without compromising the quality of life of future generations. (DEFRA). Sustainability in the event industry is really all about good management and business practice. It is important to demonstrate to key stakeholders that the event being hosted is ecofriendly and is being managed in a professional and responsible way. The 2010 Winter Olympic Games held in Vancouver Canada was a great international event but it equally left behind a lot of infrastructure and facilities that would be of benefit to the public post the games i.e. swimming pools, improved ski facilities, ice rinks, running trails etc. In essence sustainability leaves behind a lasting footprint and provides a major value added contribution to the original event. The London Olympic Games in 2012 will be no exception to this and it is already working on potential enhancements and improvements for re-generation of areas within greater London. As such it will provide a welcome boost to the local economic development of greater London. CRITICAL REVIEW OF BS8901 BS8901 has been developed entirely for the event industry. The prime objective being to make the industry operate in a more efficient manner. The standards are based around the support and build of an effective event management system. The British Standard requires those participating organisations to re-examine the efforts and impact that this event will have on the environment, society and the economy in both micro and macro conditions. From this analysis to determine a set of counter measures that will address this and help to mitigate the negative impacts. By implementing the guidelines of BS 8901 you would expect to derive the following benefits: A clear direction through the implementation of a sustainability policy; A thorough omissions check ensuring no important areas have been left out; A reduction in complaints as a result of improved communications with the key stakeholders; Better reputation through improved supplier relationships; Reduction of operating costs and elimination of waste; Improved process efficiency through streamlining and elimination of redundancies; More robust information and better decision making; A whole batch of cost reduction improvements i.e. lower training costs, lower staff turnover, improved productivity gains etc.; General increased customer satisfaction and an improved stance regarding marketing. BS8091 has changed from a specification to that of a standard focused on sustainability system for management of events This means that events do not comply with BS 8901, but that rather it is the management system behind the events that complies. The standard clarifies that it is applicable not only to event organisers, but to all organisations in the events industry, from event clients to venues, suppliers and contractors, regardless of their role in delivering events. (Whiteling). Another important aspect of the standard is that it requires the organisation to clearly define the scope of how it complies with the standard. Hence organisations must prepare a report that describes both the activities and the functions which are an integral part of the sustainable management system. Another change from the old version is that this new standard is far more process oriented. This will require a lot more communications with the key stakeholders and in general terms an improved communications plan. On the implementation side there is an increased reliance upon effective planning and particular the definition of roles and responsibilities together with milestones and timelines. Many of the ambiguities within the original version have been cleared up, and some of the confusing clauses, such as assessing options for improved event sustainability, have been removed, (Whiteling). ISO 20121 The future standard of ISO 20121 will make a significant impact to the events industry when it is released in 2012 at the eve of the London Olympic Games. The standard is aimed at providing a framework where event planners and other individuals in the supply chain can implement and maintain a sustainable program. ISO 20121 will have been designed and developed in extensive consultation with stakeholders in the events industry. It is anticipated that the standard will become the benchmark for the industry in terms of both quality and performance. The standard will adopt a management systems approach requiring identification of key sustainability issues like venue selection, operating procedures, supply chain management, procurement, communications, transport, and others (Lazarte). ISO20121 uses the BS 8091 as the starting point in order to develop a more comprehensive framework for an events sustainable management system. The global standard is intended to benefit all in the events industry and not only help in the reduction of an organizations social and environmental impact but help to streamline the operating procedures and reduce costs. An example being where energy is an identified issue, an appropriate sustainability mitigation strategy might be developing procedures that would reduce the carbon footprint. Despite the development of IS20121, the event and tourism industry is currently less sustainable than any previous time in its history. Consider the following issues: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ We are seeing far more emissions in absolute terms; à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ With energy and land use we are seeing a lot more resource utilization; à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ We are seeing an increased loss in the contribution to bio diversity à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The increasing contribution of tourism to that of environmental change raises considerable concern over effective sustainable policy development in this area. Another issue concerning sustainability is that it is mostly portrayed in terms of a one dimensional though process i.e. it is shown in economic terms. Hence using the London Olympic Games as an example it is mainly concerned with the hosting of that event and the impact to the UK inn terms of economic growth. There is not enough attention being paid to the costs of the longer term implication, this particularly at the time of a major recession in the UK. The BC Government in Canada was criticised for political grand-standing and committing a massive overspend on the hosting of the 2010 winter Olympics. Similarly in London this shows a considerable emphasis on international profiling and showcasing London in order to enhance its global marketing position and profile. The sustainability plan for the London Olympic Games is based upon 5 central themes: The Sustainability Plan focuses on five key themes: 1. Climate change: dealing with emissions and the impact of climate change such that there is a sustainable legacy for the future 2. Waste: The complete elimination of waste and ensuring that such a bi-product is not sent to land fill sites during the development of the games sites 3. Biodiversity: minimising the dangers on the destruction of wildlife sites and the habitats of same. Building upon the existing eco development policies leaving parks that will promote wildlife and sanctuaries. 4. Inclusion: Providing opportunities to showcase the diversity of London and market the business and commercial opportunities for the Capital 5. Healthy living: Getting people motivated towards concepts of more healthy living and taking up sports. ACCEPTANCE OF BS8901/ISO 20121 IN WIDER TERMS The concept of BS 8901 has a wide acceptance both in the UK and overseas. One of the important factors being that of long term sustainability in the urban planning of the Olympic Games. The International Olympic Committee is highly supportive of this and takes into consideration how applicant nations will incorporate this into the overall planning of the games the IOCs Olympic Study Commission in July, 2003 has recommended a number of controls to ensure that legacy is a priority in the staging of future Games. Legacy needs to be integrated and given equal weighting through all stages of Olympic planning. (Chalkey). Another example of a specific success story was the hosts of the Olympic Games in Australia in 2000. Their attention to sustainability gave them the title of the green games By committing the government to environmental guidelines based on Agenda 21 and the recommendations of the National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development, the Sydney Olympics earned the unofficial title of the Green Games (Briese) The impact of BS 8091 and the subsequent development of ISO 20121 have been widely observed by other countries including Australia, Brazil and Canada. Amongst the first to take action was that of Brazil in developing the standard for use in that country Responding to wide-spread enthusiasm for BS 8901, work has now started on an international standard for event management. The proposal for the development of ISO 20121 was jointly submitted by BSI and ABNT, the Brazilian national standards body, as members of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (Fulton) Examples of adoption of BS 8091 include the following: The Barbican, London A large conference facility in the Centre of London with 2000 seating capacity is used for hosting a wide range of events and meetings. It has recently started to implement BS8091 The centre introduced a variety of policies to improve its environmental efficiency, and won Gold at the City of London Clean City Awards 2008. The steps to this included sourcing 55 per cent of electrical energy contracts from renewable and green contracts, sourcing heating and cooling from a highly efficient, combined heat and power system. (Wyatt). Sheepdrove Eco Conference Centre, Berkshire A fully compliant BS8091 venue. A state of the art conference centre in Berkshire, greater London. Won awards for sustainability and eco considerations in its design It won the Green Venue Event Award 2008. Initiatives include using recycled or renewable materials during construction. Electricity is from 100 per cent renewable supplies, while a solar panel pre-heats water for the boilers. Its reed bed system annually recycles seven million litres of waste water. (Wyatt) The Brewery London A venue that has historical roots back to the 18th Century. Not currently BS8091 accredited but is an integral part of a larger group that has received the award. Low-energy LED lighting is used throughout, with high-powered hand-dryers and sensor lights in the bathrooms. Local produce is sourced wherever possible. The venue operates a waste management system and provides guests with filtered water in reusable bottles. (Wyatt) The ACC Liverpool ( BT Convention Centre) Not currently BS8091 certified but actively working towards certification acquisition. 1,350 seats with an adjoining area containing 11,000 seats and one of the largest UK facilities of its kind. It has 18 meeting rooms and a large area for exhibition space The  £164m venue is designed to produce half the CO2 emissions of a traditional building. The electricity supply is from a green energy provider. Five 20-metre low-noise wind turbines generate around ten per cent of the required electricity. Rainwater is collected and provides around 40 per cent of the water needed to flush toilets. The venue has won two Green Apple Awards, is about to embark on attaining IS012001 and is awaiting the outcome of a Green Business Tourism Scheme assessment. (Wyatt) Excel London A BS 8091 showcase site and one of the first to gain certification. It boasts a facility that contains over 5,000 seating capacity and in May 2010 this was expanded to 26,000 Has its own materials recycling facility, a wormery for food waste and a  £14m energy centre housing three boilers, three chillers and two back-up generators. (Wyatt) Faversham House Group One of the worlds largest independent media groups. They adopted certification of BS 8901 With ever increasing pressure from stakeholders and authorities to address sustainability, independent certification to BS 8901 will undoubtedly enhance the competitive stance and environmental credibility of any organisation involved with the events industry (BSI) Nimlok Ltd Nimlok are builders and constructors of custom exhibition stands and have a global presence in the supply of portable exhibition stands for conferences and exhibitions. Having already gained certification to ISO 9001 (Quality Management) and ISO 14001 (Environmental Management) with BSI, Nimlok recognised that BS 8901 would be an appropriate addition to its certification portfolio and would help the organisation differentiate itself from industry competitors. (BSI) Earls Court and Olympia A purpose built conference centre with BS8091 certification. All of the event managers are required to undergo BS8091 training The group won the 2008 AEO Sustainability Excellence Award and the Visit London Sustainable Tourism Award. The venues sustainable development policy includes engaging with customers and suppliers on sustainability issues, assessing sustainability risks and opportunities presented by hosting events and setting key performance indicators and objectives. Both venues have on-site recycling centres. (Wyatt) There are no significant problems reported with the implementation of BS8091 although some folk have cited minor operational issues that have caused some controversy. Overall the standard has been well received and adopted by all of those who have chosen to move forward and implement it. There is always room for ongoing enhancement and improvement and it is anticipated that this is where ISO 20121 will pick up any slack when it is formerly released in 2012. A lot of attention will be focused on the London Olympic Games and the success of these games will further enhance the credibility of these standards and the amount of work adapted from these standards in order to make the event a huge international success story. 11 Countries have signed up to mirror ISO20121 for adoption in their native country. One of the more recent entrants to the mirror committee being that of Australia It is important to note that a working draft for the International Standard (ISO) 20121 was produced with no involvement from the Australian events community. Twenty countries are actively involved in the development process including New Zealand. The SEA recognised this and approached Standards Australia to encourage our participation level to move from O (observer) status to P (participating) status (sustainable event). RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EVENT ORGANIZATIONS Many of the initiatives that support the implementation of BS8091 and that of ISO 20121 are still voluntary. There is no doubt that most event management organizations will significantly benefit from adopting these standards and taking up these initiatives. It is perhaps first useful to explain what BS8091 does relative to other environmental policies. There are three distinct advantages of BS8091. It defines the management system that an organization must put in place for effective sustainability of its operations. It is not a checklist but a definitive guide to operational procedures; It does not directly apply to events but more concerned with the management system that must be adopted in order to run these events. It is the management system operated by an organisation to deliver its event related activities that is certified and not the event (SEC) The standard is really more about sustainability and not purely focused on environmental issues, hence sustainability is about adopting strategies that will not only ensure long term financial success but will also drive social prosperity and progress as well as reduce environmental degradation (SEC). BS8091 has been criticised for containing too much jargon and not being an easy document to comprehend or navigate. Nevertheless, it contains a lot of good and useful material and many companies have succeeded in proper interpretation and use of the standard. These constraints have been notified to ISO 20121 which is expected to resolve these difficulties in the reading and interpretation of the standard. Benefits of BS 8901 The adoption of BS8091 has to be considered from the many benefits that it provides to event management organizations. Current research has demonstrated that the standard is particularly useful for small-medium sized business operations as it provides a reliable and robust framework which facilitates the integration of new staff. It also helps the organization in gaining a clearer understanding of the overall strategic direction and helps in harmonization of the workforce. Current projects have seen an improvement in communications and planning illustrating more integrated and harmonized communications that promote better teamwork and improved decision making capabilities. Overall a concept of rationalization and streamlining those results in more lucid and efficient systems and processes. As the standard effectively integrates social and economic standards it has an impact in helping to raise employee motivation and assists in retaining people with the best skills and talents. Furth er, it helps in improving the relations with key stakeholders and clients and strengthens the position of the business in the local community. From the financial perspective adoption of the standard is seen to reduce costs, eliminate wastes and create savings on energy. BS 8901 challenges business as usual and drives creativity and innovation which in turn can provide organisations with a competitive edge. (SEC) Recent reported innovations have included: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Improved return on investment by introduction of new toolsets à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Reduction in carbon emissions by catering companies à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Venues providing improved waste diversion rates from land fill sites à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Reduction in paper handouts by event organizers à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ More events and conferences using 100% solar energy à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Gifts to those who support the sustainability events and objectives There is a huge benefit to be derived in terms of marketing capability. In particular the ability of organizations to demonstrate their uniqueness and distinction from competitors. This will improve chances of winning new contracts and awards as business move towards increased concepts of sustainability and environmentally friendly projects. A good example is that of the Greater London Authority that is now seen to include mention of BS8091 in the criteria of its tender documents, as such their clients are taking the lead and making similar incorporations into their own documents. This demonstrating to the wider market the importance of sustainability options in their contractual relationship building. Most noticeably, the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (LOCOG) released its London 2012 Sustainable Event Guidelines in which they expect all companies and organisations that wish to be associated with the Games to be working towards BS 8901. (SEC). There is also the question of getting ahead of your competition. There is no doubt that BS8091 will be thoroughly adopted by the events industry. Those who do not participate will be left behind and seriously disadvantaged in the competitive market place. Eventually the voluntary situation might change and it could become a minimum entry requirement to be BS8091 certified. This is likely to be further reinforced in 2012 when the ISO 20121b becomes released as an international standard. Hence those who take strides now will benefit over those who fail to see the significance of these standards in the future. CONCLUSIONS Despite the initial complexity of BS 8091 it has been widely accepted and endorsed by the event management industry. The benefits of adopting the standard far outweigh the disadvantages. The progression to the international standard of ISO20121 will be far more inclusive and involve the collaboration of multiple companies on a world-wide basis. The world has come to recognize the growing importance of sustainability as a direct result of climate change and environmental changes taking place throughout the world. We need to find an enduring and balanced approach to economic activity, environmental responsibility and social progress. Hence the concept of sustainability has far more wider reaching implications beyond that of the event industry. Major international events like the Olympic games provide the opportunity to both raise awareness and showcase the importance of sustainability and the need for international standards to a world audience. Another significant advantage of the mir roring concept being used in the deployment of ISO 20121 is that it provides a standard and uniform framework across different countries and as such gains immediate transparency in terms of understanding, interpretation and implementation. The increase in the technological development of computers and sophisticated communications has facilitated the design and build of robust event management systems. This has enabled better planning and organization of events and eliminated the need for generating large volumes of paper reports or storage. Sustainable Events Management Solutions (SEMS) are a good example of an Australian firm that has taken the matter seriously and fully embraced BS8091 into the design of its event management system. There is no doubt that to make BS8091 work requires a great deal of inclusivity and collaboration amongst the partners in the event management project Incorporating sustainability into meeting and event management practices requires organisers to employ a combination of sustainable approaches including environmental stewardship, economic efficiency, and social and cultural responsibility. (Edwards) 4010

American Politic

The United States of America had over the years restricted voting from women, black American and prisons of particular offences. The American legibility to vote over the years has been mainly determined by the federal and the state laws. Today, only the citizens of the US can be allowed to vote. However the states have their own laws that govern the right to votes at any elections. As if to deprive the states of their independence, the national constitutions has also gone ahead to restrict the voting laws at the state level.However over the years there have been extensions of voting rights. At the very onset of the American democracy, women and the poor were not legible to take part in the voting. This disfranchisement has been criticized over the years. Nevertheless it is appreciable the attainment of the voting rights have been as progressive as the progression of the American democracy. Until 1870 Americans were denied voting rights based on the three principles, race color and th eir previous servitude conditions.In 1920 the provision was reviewed and only sex was used as a restricting factor against one taking part in the voting process. In 1964 a provision was passed contrary to inter alia allowing American citizens who had failed to pay taxes to take part in voting. Hitherto, American who were not paying taxes were not allowed vote. In 1971, passed an amendment bill that sought to lift any restrictions on account of the age. The right to vote has been extended to a wide spectrum of voters. However some states barred people who had committed felonies from voting.Several movements pushed for the expansion of the suffrage extend. In the 1960 for example, young men who had taken art in the war in Vietnam were in dire need for voting to taking part in the election of their leaders. While they were taking an active part in the government policy implementation they appeared locked out in key government decisions such as elections. Subsequent to this movement the minimum voting age was moved from 21 years of age to 18 years. In a dramatic shift, some states even allowed those who were nearing that age to take part in election at the primaries and caucuses.The voting space was further opened through the extension of voting rights to prisoners. Though this was done spaciously, some states allowed only prisoners on probation to take part in voting. As of 2007 fourteen states in the United State were allowing prisoners with minor crimes and ex-felons to vote. It is however regrettable that an estimated 5. 3 American are denied the voting rights because convictions of felony. This is in sharp contrast with the practice in the European Union where ex-felons and in some cases prisoners are allowed to vote.In Canada for example, prisoners have been allowed to vote since 2002. It has taken relatively long for the extension of the suffrage in the United States. Presumably, this is because over the years there was no push for this course. However the few past decades have seen movements fronting for the rights of the franchised. While these movements go way back to the times of Martin Luther king Junior, after his death there was reduced political activism that would have led to reduction of the voter franchise. The extension of suffrage has been largely precipitated by the increased American political space.In addition, the increased economic development was coupled with political reform. Given that economic development is always coupled with political and social development, these transformations made the upsurge of political and social movements inevitable. Subsequently, the United States was being used as a parameter for ideal democracy; hence it was utterly inevitable of the powers that be to embrace human rights, inclusive of the voting rights. 2. Describe the factors that have contributed to the overall weakening of political parties in America. How are parties weaker?How do they remain important? What are the advantages of a political system with weak political parties? What are the disadvantages? Political parties are elected into power based on their manifestos and their policies. However it so happens that after election the parties tend to deviate utterly from their manifesto. They tend, in the opinion of the electorates, to engage in other businesses other than the mandate for which they were elected into power. Besides, the parties have revered their political party’s hegemony to an extent that they are not the electorates that count but the party.Apparently the United States has international forces that are dictating its direction. Worse still, the purported purchase of votes in the quest to pass certain bills are also making the voters loss their trust in the system. Given that parties are about numbers, this ends up weakening the parties even further. In particular the voters cite the passing of the healthcare plan bill. This exhibition of concealed corruption is making the general public to lose trust overall in the leadership of the country; who happen to be emanating from political parties.The decentralization of the party powers has also believably contributed to the weakening of the political parties. The implication is that the grassroots leader have equal mandate on the affairs of the party just as much as the leaders at the national levels. In addition the party system tends to have very many cleavages at all the three levels; national, state and the local levels. This fragments the system further hence making it to lose its powers. It is also worth noting that the parties sporadically supported; in one state, one party is supported altogether while in another, another party is supported.The United States has very many issues that need to be addressed. This diversified issues lead to lower internal unity among party members. This has been particularly prevalent in the Democratic Party. Vividly, even the Republican Party seems to be tending on this ver y trend. This notable is the fragmenting of the party into Conservative Republican and Libertarian Republicans. In addition, the emergence of interest groups has also critiqued the political parties to the extent of igniting distrust from the voters. Further, partisan bickering has also seen turn off to the American voter.There are a number of indicators of weakening of parties. In particular the realignment in elections has been dramatic encounter in the US. This has been an ultimate indication of the weakening of political parties. Areas that were initially perceived to be in support of the Republican Party are now supporting the Democratic Party. There has also been a decline in the straight ticket voting to increased split ticket voting. The subsequent inclusion of the office bloc ballot that allows for the split ticket voting is an indicator of this trend.There appears o be no clear cut merits for weaker political parties; however, weaker political parties tend to strengthen de mocratic ideals. Clearly, when the incumbent is duly mandated they tend to deliver service with a clear conscience of low civil mandate. On the contrary, when political are weaker the lack of mandate expose them to sabotage even when their strategic and political intention or good willed. In general this tends to impede the success of both political social and economic agenda. In the overall analysis it does affect the functioning of political economic and social systems.Ultimate, the delivery of services to the general public is tampered with. 3. Should race be taken into account when congressional districts are redrawn after each census? If 20 percent of a state is African American, should 20 percent of the districts have an African American majority? First, it need to be acknowledged that any process that takes race as a central parameter for course will always end up disfranchising the nation. Therefore such attempts should be resisted at all costs. It is equally appreciable tha t over years racism has impacted white people.Usually that discussion comes in the context of an assumption that, if whites can see that racism has negative effects on them as a group, that realization will motivate action to eliminate racism. While the forces of racism would not be demonized as such, its emphasized use promotes its ideals. Hence if the criteria is used it divides the nation into such lines. Racism is by far too powerful and recalcitrant force that if it is allowed to permeate, it clings and stubbornly gets lodged into the system this assumption acknowledges, clinging stubbornly wherever it is lodged.In addition there is much price to be paid in acceptance of this draconian approach to national development. Most of the white will not accept this aspect and would rather not accept this dynamics. However, the role they do play is so immense that the least consideration should be given to such criteria in making such decision as rescheduling of the district boundaries. In measuring the benefits, powers and privileges, in some concealed process of thought and sensation outweigh the negatives.Nevertheless, there is the least possibility of balancing the effects of the racial criteria with their inherent negative effect. Racism would not only hurt the marginalized, but also those who purport to be privileged. While the argument in the article should not play sanguine, the basic principle and guiding criteria should be that in earnest, racism has the least positives to offer, rather it simply creates divisions that jeopardize the peace and tranquility of the nation or the state.Fronting of divisions based on these criteria will defeat the national object of ensuring that the state is dully glued together and utterly cohesive. Majorly, it has always been perceived that racism affect the blacks more than the white; however, I feel the effect is felt across the board. Racism has distorted reality for many whites. Teachings about history, the world, the pursuits of thought, expressions of culture, and personal relationships have for most whites been both limited and false.Racism has taught whites that we are members of a race which is superior, and that assumption creates false expectations and warped illusions. Racism, particularly during the period when Africans were enslaved, taught white men that it is all right to rape black women, and also exacerbated the devaluation of white women. Racism has taught whites that we are entitled to privilege as a right of birth, undercutting the assumption of achieved merit which is one of the cornerstones of democracy.Racism, present at the foundation of our nation, left a country built on a fundamental and terrible contradiction between a belief in equality and a belief in white superiority. That contradiction remains unresolved. Racism has produced in white society a mental health problem: characteristic responses among many whites are dominated by unfounded fear of blacks, hatred, suspicio n, guilt, shame, and jealousy. These words are the language of disease. The cost for whites who want to move beyond racism has been a high one, measured in time, emotion, psychic energy, and sometimes money.Racism, as one of the root causes of poverty, costs our nation huge amounts of money, measured in crime, unemployment and related social ills. Racism has set whites who are made poor in our society in competition with people of color, and has also increased the separation between classes among whites. Ultimately, no, race should not be taken into considerations. Ideally taking into account the race is simply trying to fragment the nation into the races. 4. A dilemma is presented by the values of liberty and equality in regard to interest-group activity.On the one hand, individuals should have the liberty to organize themselves politically in order to express their views. On the other hand, there is a strong class bias in the politics of organized interests. How has the U. S. gove rnment sought to regulate group activity in order to balance these competing values? What else might government do to make group politics less biased? What are the potential consequences—both good and bad—of the actions you suggest? The United States has sought to regulate group activities through passing legislations that require all lobbyists to register.Until the 1970, the United States monitored rather than regulated the activities of lobby groups. Today the activities of the various groups have been regulated through four constitutional legislations. Within the constitutional provisions, the lobby groups are expected to report on their expenditure and the activities of involvement by the registered lobby groups. The government has also regulated the activities of the groups by restricting the association of the civil servants and government organizations with the lobby groups.The association regulated is in terms of finances and logistics. Ideally this is meant to reduce the muzzle of the lobby groups in terms of their financial capability and their subsequent technical ability to address certain group issues. In addition, this assists the government to ensure that there is no leakage of any government classified information to this lobby groups. The groups are also expected to disclose their financial statements. Ideally, the lobby groups are meant to publish their income sources and their expenditure items.Besides, the government restricts and limits the amount of money that can be attained from the various funding organizations. Further, the government sets timeline within which the group can access funds from various fundraisers. The political action committee is mandated with the regulation of funds for the purpose of campaigns. Presumably, the PAC is supposed to ensure that the groups do not get beyond the target set for group expenditures on campaigns. It need be noted that different states have also come up with supporting laws that regulate the activities of the groups.Like in the case of campaign financing regulations, some of the laws compel limitations and prohibits the contributions from Political Actions Committees. The US constitution does require that the political parties should get majority votes from half the states. To reduce bias further, I feel strongly that there should be a provision to the effect that the winner should gunner at least 40 percent of the votes cast from the remaining states other than the present requisite majority of the 75% from the electorates college. 5. Two of Congress’s chief responsibilities are representation and lawmaking.Describe the ways in which these two responsibilities might conflict with one another. How do these responsibilities support and reinforce one another? What would Congress be like if its sole function were representative? What would it be like if it were solely legislative? The congressmen and women are expected to represent their electorates in the all spheres, and on the other extreme they are expected to make laws that are to serve the interests of the larger America. There are issues that would be in conflict with the representative’s aspiration of the people whom they do represent.Some of the legislations are in the interests of the country at large; however, the representative may have to sacrifice the desires of the electorates to have the legislations passed. In some cases, the laws presented would, though good, may be turned down because the representatives are trying to have their electorates protected. Ultimately, this represents conflicts in interests. In financial related bills, as a representative the legislator would be compelled to turn down the bill if the bill does not give considerations to the states of representation.In earnests this would be in the interests of the state but not the national interests. This conflict would impede on the overall delivery of services to the nation. In additions, on e may push for legislations that only take care of the states for which there represents not taking the interests of the nation into account. As a legislator, the representative function curtails the members of the congress to pass legislations that would not hurt their electorates, but remain consistent with the needs and desires of the nation. Subsequently the legislations passed remain consistent with the interests of the country.If the congress was only comprised of legislators, it could be more likely that the laws would not take into consideration the needs of the citizens. This would just lead to complacence in the entire legislation process. The fact that legislators are also representatives makes the whole process issue and needs oriented unlike if the legislators are only playing that role in seclusion without understanding the needs of the citizenry. If the congress was purely of the representation functions, there could be a high chance that the legislations passed would have total seclusion from the ideal state on the ground.Ideal reforms would be practical to the needs of the citizenry need to bridge between the linked to the ideal state on the ground; the central role of representation. Partisan politics largely take the interests of the state at heart rather the national interests. In view of this aspect, legislation may be hampered by the interests. In their quest to defend the party positions, which are representative of their election mandate, the representative end up dwelling a blow on the functions of the congress. 6. Presidents have constitutional, institutional, and political sources of power.Which of the three do you think most accounts for the powers of the presidency? Is it, in fact, possible to discern among these the true source of presidential power? Select a president and discuss the ways in which that particular president used each source of power to succeed in the presidency. Because of the democratic ideal embraced by the Unit ed States of America, constitutional source of power tend to take much prominence in the presidents mode of administration. Though the other powers may come into foreplay, they can only have impact where they are supported by constitutional powers.When the president gets into office appointment, he undertakes appointments informed by the constitutional powers, though behind the scenes there could be some fore play in the determination of the person, the whole act is prompted by the constitution. The constitution does mandate the president to make appointment subject to certain conditions. Nevertheless, he has the powers that are constitution of undertaking the appointments. Taking the decision such as the engagement into war in Iraq Bush simply used his constitutional powers to declare the war on Iraq.Ideally political powers could have the list effect as the decision was not supported by all the Republicans. In essence the party was much divided over the declaration of the war in I raq. On the strength of this argument it is evident that constitutional powers fore played other sources of power. It is utterly possible to discern that the political powers only assist the presidency to take over the office. But once the president has taken over the office institutional powers take the central stage the decision making process with the other sources of powers only being supportive to the entire excise of the presidential mandate.Essentially, one can strongly content that the major source of powers for the presidency in the United States of America is mainly the constitution. The institution of the presidency has sufficient powers that allow the American president make decisions on behalf of the state. Pursuant to this provision the presidency (under Bush) refused to sign the Kyoto protocol which according to bush was going to hurt the American economy. Bush argued that if the Kyoto protocol was signed, it implied most of the vehicle (75 millions) were to be remove d from the road which meant the Americans were to resort to some other form of transport.When President Bush (former) was seeking election to the white house he did make a promise to the conservatives that he would nominate one of the conservative judges to the high court bar. For him this was going to change the direction in the court. Alito’s appointment was purely, within this context, political. The credentials of Alito, purely conservative, were to provide a swing vote in O’Connor. 7. Often the efficiency of public bureaucracies is judged in terms of the efficiency of private business and other organizations.In many instances, government has been expected to do things that businesses in the marketplace have chosen not to do or have found unprofitable. Might the tasks that government is asked to perform be more prone to inefficiency? Think about the ways in which business might be able to perform some tasks that government currently performs. Would business necessa rily perform these tasks more efficiently? Should efficiency be the only priority in the public enterprise? There are certain services and goods that would otherwise not be left in the hands of the public for delivery to the consumers.These goods will ascribe to these aspects for a number of reasons. First, the fact that certain service such as the constructions of roads has such a large capital outlay that the private sector would not single handedly offer implies that it is only the government that can offer such services. Some goods and services are so sensitive that leaving their supply to the private sector would not only jeopardize national security but will also put at risk the security of the civilians at risk.Services such as the military, police services and the prison services are so sensitive that leaving them to the private sector does not give the general public assurance of the efficacy and the reliability of the services. The provision of the legal tender for any gov ernment, America and any other would not be left in the hands of the general public. The currency would readily be supplied to the economy without the least consideration of effect particularly where partisan interests come into foreplay. In the long run the currency of any state may never be stabilized.This risks the economic performance of any state. The other reason for the provision of these services by the government is if the services or the goods are very unprofitable. Given that the central goal of the central objective of any business is to make profits. Any service that proves unprofitable would definitely and at all costs be avoided by the private sector. Given that the government has to ensure the provision of these services is inevitable, the government has no option but seek to offer the services.The lightings of the street for example have the least returns, if any. However, the provision of lights on the streets is an inevitable venture. For the streets to be safe, t he government has to erect street lights for the safety of the street users. Such venture has the least prospects of any profits. The provision of road networks services would still be left to the private sector for business if the private is allowed to collect some toll from the roads. It is appreciable that the private sector world over offers the best services compared to the government.If such avenues are opened up, it is possible that the private sector would offer relatively superb services compared to the government. However, such step can only be approved off with due caution. This is because the private sector, due to the monopolistic nature of the road system network, would end up exploiting the citizens and making exorbitant profits at the expense of the common citizenry. Therefore should be generally appreciated that the private sector has the likelihood of offering better services but the challenge would only be how best they can be contained to reduce consumer exploita tion.Nonetheless, services such as banking would only be regulated by the central bank but utterly left to the private sector to undertake such services. Ultimately efficiency and effectiveness would be attained. I strongly feel indeed efficiency should be the central indicator of good performance; however, other factors such as the reliability of the service delivery and effectiveness of the entire process should be equally taken into consideration. Clearly, being efficient may not necessarily imply that the entire citizenry is able to access the services.Ultimate, the efficiency aspect should be coupled with aspects of reliability and the effectiveness of the services being delivered. 8. In many ways, courts are expected to be apolitical institutions of government. In what ways are courts, judges, and justices shielded from politics and political pressure? In what ways are they vulnerable to political pressure? Are the courts an appropriate place for politics? What is the danger o f having too much or too little political accountability in judicial decision-making?The American judicial system has been made independent through a dependent judiciary and independent judges. Ideally the accountability of the judiciary and the independence of the judicial system are irreconcilable. Presumably, the both the two are means to an end and are never ends in themselves. The United States has a well-functioning adjudication system that has ultimately tries to reconcile democratic and legal legitimacy. In earnest, the achievement of a balance between the democratic and the legal legitimacy is utterly in the hands of the judges.The judicial has the mandate to restrict the government on certain issues. The muzzle that the judicial system has is marshaled from the fact that the judges have a security of tenure in office. This makes it possible for them to dispense their responsibilities with the least form of fear or favor. Given that their decision can not be overruled so ea sily, the judicial system therefore become impartial and therefore end making decisions that end up giving judgments that are beyond political reproach. The courts are capable of questioning the government over certain actions.Courts hold governments answerable through their power to evaluate the actions of the executive and the legislature. These powers are at the zenith particularly when courts can declare certain laws passed by the parliament as unconstitutional. Courts can also declare any decision by the parliament as unconstitutional and the executive has the least say on the same. This decision would be reached in respect to or subject to both the national and the international law. Though the judicial system is termed as an independent institution, its appointment mode subjects the process to political likelihood of manipulation.Given that the appointment of the judges is normally done by the political class, this subjects the system to political reprisal. The fear of immine nt lack of reappointment after the change of government thus subjects the judicial system to some boot-leaking condition. Definitely, the courts are not the best place for politics. Allowing politics to permeate the judicial system denies the civilians their right. Clearly, when politics dog the judicial system, the officers in the judicial system live in fear of political reprisal and hence tend to serve the interest of the political class than to fully follow the constitutional order.While the political class will feel contented, the civilians will be denied their constitutional rights. The extremes of involvement or lack of political involvement is equally disastrous. Too much involvement, as has already been mentioned curtails the rights of the civilians. The lack of political involvement makes the court lack responsibility. Hence the best balance that would be at the interest of the civilian should be political involvement that is moderated. Moderation implies that the politica l class should only make the judicial system accountable.Lack of accountability should be pointed out by the political class and therefore allow the system to valuate the entire accountability prospects. Ultimately, the interaction between the judicial system and the other branches of government should be geared to quality and legal service delivery to the civilians. Extraverted exercise of these powers simply jeopardizes the service delivery process to the citizenry. The three arms of any government should simply act as checks and balances of each other. this subsequently translates to the efficacy and efficiency if the entire service delivery process to the populace.

Cortes Discussion Essay

1. Why is Cortes’ letter a primary source?  2. Is there any information in his letter that he did not actually observe? How do you reconcile this fact with the idea that this is a primary source? Can a document be partially primary and partially secondary? (i.e., written by someone who did not witness the events or experience the emotion?) 3. What can you infer about Cortes’ motives in writing about â€Å"the wonders of Tenochtitlan† and the Aztecs? Why did he choose to write about the topics he addressed in this letter? Who is is intended audience, and how might that have influenced the letter? 4. Using Cortes’ comments in the first two paragraphs, what assumptions can you make about the wealth of the Aztec state? 5. List three characteristics of the Aztec religion. What religious practice did Cortes attempt to do away with? Do you think that he could have been successful? Cortes’ letter is a primary source because he witnessed the events he wrote about first hand. From what I gathered through his writing Cortes did not appear to leave any vital information out as he reported every aspect of the noble city. The way he was able to give his reader, or readers, vivid descriptions of Temixtitlan from the outside in, gives us reassurance that his letter is indeed a primary source. Unfortunately a document cannot be comprised partially primary and partially secondary. Primary accounts are characterized as the direct proof of a period, with material being delivered by eyewitnesses and in this case, Cortes’ time in Temixtitlan. Cortes chose to comprehend the significance of knowing the geology of the domain he wanted to conquer. Clearly, for early explorers knowing the terrain and being able to locate natural resources is the difference between life and death. He also chose certain topics because he is attempting to make his description audience-relatable, and more importantly, he is trying describe the degree of sophistication of this great city. According to the beginning paragraphs you immediately know that Temixtitlan is an exceptional city as Cortes stated the city had many rare and wonderful objects and that he would try to describe the wealth of what he had seen to the best of his ability. The Aztec religion was sacrificial, barbaric, and full of idol worshipping.

The Issue of Capital Punishment as in the film Dead Man...

The Issue of Capital Punishment as in the film Dead Man Walking In this essay I am going to analyse and explain how the issue of Capital Punishment is portrayed in the film Dead Man Walking, a true story acted out. Before I proceed with this essay, I think it necessary to give some background information on Capital Punishment. Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime. Prisoners are kept in an isolated part of the prison, often-called Death Row, until the execution date. Methods of execution have varied over time and include; lethal injection, decapitation (using a sword, axe or guillotine),†¦show more content†¦She isnt sure what she is getting herself into, nevertheless she agrees to go and see him. Capital Punishment is not used in the United Kingdom, but is used in the United States. There are many arguments for Capital Punishment. A popular argument for Capital Punishment is that having criminals executed deters crime because, other people will not break the law in fear of being executed. One other argument is that families of the victim/s can have peace of mind and achieve revenge ion the criminal. In Dead Man Walking Mr Percy, a victims dad says Im going to watch you fry, watch you sizzle This right of having revenge on a person who has committed a crime on you stems from the extensively quoted biblical text, an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth which means if someone, for example, stabs you it is quite all right for you to stab them back. This quote is used as an argument in Dead Man Walking. Another religious quote used in the film supporting Capital Punishment is , Those who live by the sword, die by the sword Jesus said this when he was arrested in the garden of Gethsemane and Peter tried to save him by attacking a roman solider. 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